Matrices are used in many forms of science, from maths to physics. They are arrays of values used for things such as manipulating 3D models and projecting them on a 2D screen. If two or more are used, they may need to be added, subtracted, scaled or multiplied.
Matrices can be added if they have the same amount of columns and rows. It is simply done by adding the two matrices together with the corresponding one.
Subtraction can also be done. It is done in the same way the addition is done.
Scaling can be done with any sized matrix. It is done by multiplying all the numbers in the matrix by another outside number.
Multiplication is more complicated. The matrix on the left must be transposed before anything multiplication can occur. Then, all the numbers are multiplied by each other in this way.
Matrices are also organized in columns and rows. Unlike a graph or coordinates, the 'origin' is at the top left corner, and it first goes down in rows and then in columns. Matrices can also be inverted, which means that all numbers that are positive will become negative. This new would be labelled as -x.